With the increasing population in the world and changing consumption patterns accordingly, it brings production and consumption activities very quickly. In this sense, the first problem is the emergence of the raw material problem. Another problem is the storage of used waste products with the increase in consumption and environmental pollution caused by them. As a result of these problems, the most important issue was the recovery and recycling of used waste products.
While the products used until recently are regarded as a worthless garbage, the problems experienced have shown us that wastes are also a source of raw materials and that they can be reused with the necessary processes.
While the use and recycling of waste products continue in the world; With these studies, the damage caused by wastes to the environment is minimized. Bioremediation system, which is one of the methods used to minimize the damage caused by wastes to the environment, offers a biological and natural solution to environmental problems.
Bioremediation; It is an environmentally friendly method used to clean the elements polluting the environment and nature with natural techniques. Harmful substances such as volatile organic compounds, petroleum wastes, alkyl benzene, used waste oils and fragrant hydrokanes pollute the soil and water. Bioremediation; It is a method applied to make harmful substances polluting the soil and water not harmless to the nature.
Bioremediation is done with live microorganisms. While environmental pollution is eliminated as a result of the process; it does not harm the environment. It is possible to apply directly to a contaminated place.
Bioremediation system is the elimination of pollution with bacteria that will repair the contaminated area by imitating a process that is in nature. In this way, it minimizes the health and the harmful effects of the environment. Bacteria and some types of fungi are used in bioremediation.
The bacteria and fungus species used provide rapid reduction of pollution in the environment. The organisms grown in the laboratory environment are vaccinated to the region where there is a pollution load and they are allowed to breed there. The pollution that can be cleaned in a very long time in nature under normal conditions; It is cleaned more quickly with the bacteria and fungus species that are inoculated in the biological repair area.
Bacteria and fungus species need nutrients to survive. These microorganisms break down various organic substances in the soil or water and provide the necessary energy and nutrients.
They continue their lives in this way, but they continue to multiply. These microorganisms die after converting harmful products or their number reaches normal population level. Therefore, the ecological balance is not disturbed.
While applying the bioremediation method, attention should be paid to the selection of living species. The selection should be made in a way that does not harm people and living creatures in the region.
The rapidly increasing pollution in the world has made it necessary to use natural and environmental solutions. Bioremediation technologies are increasingly used in this context.
It is possible to divide into 5 main titles according to the method of application of bioemidification methods.
In-situ methods classified as 5 as bioventing, biostimulation, biodegredation, biosparging and bioaugmentation cover the most general meaning, surface and underground treatment.
Ex-Situ Bioremidiation
With this method, the contaminated soil is removed and taken to the treatment plant to be cleaned. In the treatment facility, contaminated soil is mixed with water and oxygen is continuously supplied, thus biodegradation of the organic materials that are contaminated in the mixture is ensured and the soil is cleaned in this way. The cleaned soil is taken to the area taken.
Ex-Situ Bioremidation method can be classified in 3 different ways according to the application method.
This method, which consists of a large fermentation tank, is made with growing organisms used in the biological production of substances such as pharmaceuticals. It is used to reduce the effect of harmful substances and make them less harmful.
This method can be used in soil and water contaminated with fuel hydrocarbons and organics. It is classified as dry and watery in two ways according to the application method. The process with water is a faster process compared to the dry application.
This method is done by reducing the mass, toxicity, volume and density of organic and inorganic pollutants in soil, groundwater and surface waters. It is classified into 3 types of chemical, biological and physical according to the application method.
It is a bioremediation method used to stabilize and destroy pollutants in soil, sediments, wastewater and air with various plant species and related organisms. Plants used in the phytoremediation method show the presence of toxic organic or inorganic substances, prevent and accumulate. This method is used to remove contaminating components in the biosphere. This method is an environmentally friendly method for removing toxic pollutants.
The phytoremidiation method is classified in 8 ways according to the application methods.
Phyto-extraction
Pollutants in soil, water and solutions are made by using plants and algae. The roots of the plant used in this method and heavy metals and other pollutants are drawn from the soil and collected in their roots, stems or leaves.
The accumulation process continues until the plants are harvested. After the harvest, a great amount of purification will be completed in the region. It is cheaper to apply than other types of treatment.
What are the Factors Affecting Bioremidiation Efficiency?